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What does 'quantitative easing' mean?

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“The central bank expanded its quantitative easing programme, purchasing an additional $40bn in long-dated securities each month.”

The Economist — Finance

Explain this in plain English.
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Quantitative easing (QE) is when a central bank creates new money and uses it to buy financial assets — usually government bonds.

In this sentence, the bank is buying $40 billion of long-term bonds every month. The goal is to:

1. Push down long-term interest rates

2. Make borrowing cheaper for businesses and households

3. Encourage spending and investment

Think of it as the bank pouring money into the financial system to keep it flowing.